Integration of scheduling and control for batch processes using multi‐parametric model predictive control

Integration of scheduling and control results in Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) which is computationally expensive. The online implementation of integrated scheduling and control requires repetitively solving the resulting MINLP at each time interval. (Zhuge and Ierapetritou, Ind Eng Chem Res. 2012;51:8550–8565) To address the online computation burden, we incorporare multi‐parametric Model Predictive Control (mp‐MPC) in the integration of scheduling and control. The proposed methodology involves the development of an integrated model using continuous‐time event‐point formulation for the scheduling level and the derived constraints from explicit MPC for the control level. Results of case studies of batch processes prove that the proposed approach guarantees efficient computation and thus facilitates the online implementation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3169–3183, 2014     

Dynamic Reductive Kinetic Resolution of Benzyl Ketones using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Anion Exchange Resins

Dynamic reductive kinetic resolutions of racemic 3‐arylalkanones have been performed by the proper combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase and a basic anionic resin. The best results were found for the bioreduction with the alcohol dehydrogenase type A from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli/ADH‐A) and the commercially available evo‐1.1.200, while the Amberlite IRA‐440 C and the DOWEX‐MWA‐1 resins allowed efficient in situ racemizations. Reaction conditions were optimized in terms of enzyme source and loading, type and amount of resin, pH, temperature and reaction times, obtaining a series of (R,R)‐substituted propan‐2‐ols with good conversions and both diastereoselectivity and stereoselectivity. As a proof of concept, the subsequent intramolecular cyclization of a selected propan‐2‐ol substrate afforded a valuable isochroman heterocycle without any loss of the optical purity.

     

芳烃联合装置烯烃脱除技术对比分析与建议

介绍了国内外芳烃生产中脱除烯烃工艺及催化剂技术的发展,通过不同技术适用条件和应用效果的对比,提出了现有芳烃联合装置加快采用分子筛催化剂脱除重整生成油中的烯烃,及其他生产单元的烯烃脱除工序也要逐步采用分子筛催化剂精制的方法脱除烯烃的建议。     

Characterization of Paraquat-Induced miRNA Profiling Response in hNPCs Undergoing Proliferation

Aberration during the development of the central nervous system (CNS) due to environmental factors underlies a variety of adverse developmental outcomes. Paraquat (PQ) is a widely studied neurotoxicant that perturbs the normal structure/function of adult CNS. Yet, the impacts of PQ exposure on the developing CNS remain unclear. miRNAs represent a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of neural development. Thus in the present study, we analyzed the impacts of PQ on the miRNome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) during proliferation by using the Exiqon miRCURY™ LNA Array. A total of 66 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in proliferating hNPCs upon PQ treatment. miRTarBase prediction identified 1465 mRNAs, including several genes (e.g., nestin, sox1, ngn1) previously proved to be associated with the neural proliferation and differentiation, as target genes of PQ-induced differentially expressed miRNAs. The database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) bioinformatics analysis showed that target genes were enriched in regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle and apoptosis as well as tumor protein 53 (p53), Wnt, Notch and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < 0.001). These findings were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Based on our results we conclude that PQ-induced impacts on the miRNA profiling of hNPCs undergoing proliferation may underlie the developmental neurotoxicity of PQ.     

PE基木塑复合材料的光稳定化及其耐候性能研究

以高密度聚乙烯为树脂基体,同时并采用两种自主开发的木塑专用耐候母粒对其进行光稳定化改性,制备了PE基木塑复合材料,并对其耐候性能进行了研究。结果表明,耐候母粒LS-1和LS-2均对PE基木塑复合材料有较好的抗老化作用。经1000h的氙灯加速老化后,光稳定化改性前后的木塑复合材料的拉伸性能变化不大;改性后的木塑复合材料的冲击强度保持率明显提高,色差明显减小,其中LS-2的效果更佳。     

滴灌带在吐鲁番与广州的大气曝晒老化试验

五种新疆生产的黑色改性聚乙烯滴灌带,分别在吐鲁番和广州进行自然环境暴露试验3年,试验结果以其力学性能表征它们的老化行为与规律。     

三峡地区泥灰质岩石在岩溶和风化过程中力学性质的变化

三峡地区泥灰质岩石的岩溶问题是新近发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩石具有灰岩和泥岩双重特性，在其中的钙质成分被溶蚀的同时，泥质成分遭受风化，从而使岩性和岩石结构发生变化，岩石的力学强度不断降低，有的岩石己属于较软岩范围。岩溶、风化形成的松散土层具有易滑性，易于发生变形破坏。泥灰质岩石作为移民迁建地基可能因溶蚀、风化而发生地质灾害。防止水向地基的入渗是防治该区地质灾害的关键。     

Combined advanced oxidation and biodegradation of industrial effluents from the production of stilbene-based fluorescent whitening agents

Three different industrial wastewaters from the production of stilbene-based fluorescent whitening agents were investigated with regard to the applicability of advanced oxidation processes combined with biodegradation. Oxidation processes included the application of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, UV-radiation and Fenton's reagent (Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2)). Characterization of the combined chemical-biological treatment was done by sum parameters and HPLC analysis. In addition, toxicity was determined using the luminescence inhibition test. Results showed that processes producing OH-radicals without the need of UV-irradiation proved to be suited for the oxidation of all three wastewaters. H(2)O(2)/UV processes were ineffective due to the high inner filter effect of the effluents. Comparing the combined oxidative-biological process with biological treatment, the applied pre-oxidation steps did not always lead to a significant improvement of the biological degradation. In one case, an inverted treatment starting with biodegradation followed by oxidation turned out to be the preferable procedure. After oxidation with ozone or ozone combined with UV-irradiation, an increase in toxicity was partly observed indicating the formation of toxic intermediate products. In some cases samples had to be diluted before the biodegradation step to achieve a better biodegradability.     

Iron oxide amended biosand filters for virus removal

Laboratory studies were performed to determine if the addition of iron oxides throughout biosand filter (BSF) media would increase virus removal due to adsorption. The proposed mechanism is electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged virion particles to positively charged iron oxides formed during the corrosion of zerovalent iron. Initial tests conducted using continuous flow, small-scale glass columns showed high MS2 bacteriophage removal in an iron-amended sand column (5log₁₀) compared to a sand-only column (0.5log₁₀) over 20 pore volumes. Additionally, two experiments with a column containing iron particles revealed 4log₁₀ and 5log₁₀ removal of rotavirus in the presence of 20 mg/L total organic carbon. Full-scale BSFs with iron particles removed >4log₁₀ MS2 for the duration of the experiment (287 days), while BSF with steel wool removed >4log₁₀ MS2 for the first 160 days. Plug flow for the BSF was shown to depend on uniformity between the iron oxide material and sand media grains. The results suggest that the duration of effective virus removal by iron-amended biosand filtration depends on source water conditions and the quantity and composition of iron material added. Overall, this study provides evidence that iron-amended BSFs may advance the field of point-of-use technologies and bring relief to millions of people suffering from waterborne diseases.     

国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践

本文对武钢高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢WGJ510C2在国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践进行了归纳和总结。结果表明：按照管线钢管规范，采用合适的工艺流程，WGJ510C2钢适用于国家大剧院工程用高频直缝电阻焊钢管的制造，各项性能指标完全合格。